{"id":289,"date":"2023-10-09T23:04:57","date_gmt":"2023-10-09T20:04:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alimusasaricimen.av.tr\/anasayfa\/?p=289"},"modified":"2023-10-10T20:00:46","modified_gmt":"2023-10-10T17:00:46","slug":"yargi-yok-hukmundedir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alimusasaricimen.av.tr\/anasayfa\/?p=289","title":{"rendered":"Yarg\u0131 Yok H\u00fckm\u00fcndedir"},"content":{"rendered":"

29.02.2012,\u00a0Av. Ali Musa SARI\u00c7\u0130MEN<\/a><\/p>\n

\"\"Montesquieu\u2019ye g\u00f6re, yarg\u0131 kuvveti ger\u00e7ek bir kuvvet de\u011fildir, adeta yok h\u00fckm\u00fcndedir. Bu ne demektir, birazdan buna de\u011finece\u011fiz. Ancak \u00f6ncelikle somut veriler \u00fczerinden gidelim\u2026<\/div>\n
\u00d6rne\u011fin, Yarg\u0131tay\u2019\u0131n Hrant Dink ile ilgili \u201cT\u00fcrkl\u00fc\u011fe Hakaret\u201d karar\u0131, keza \u201cB\u00fct\u00fcn T\u00fcrklerin m\u00fcdahil olabilece\u011fi\u201d karar\u0131, YARGI-SEN\u2019in kapat\u0131lmas\u0131 karar\u0131, i\u00e7 hukukta yasal d\u00fczenleme olmaks\u0131z\u0131n uluslararas\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fme h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin uygulanamayaca\u011f\u0131na dair yerle\u015fmi\u015f i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131, HSYK\u2019n\u0131n \u00d6mer Faruk Emina\u011fao\u011flu hakk\u0131nda vermi\u015f oldu\u011fu \u201cYer De\u011fi\u015ftirme Cezas\u0131\u201d vb. T\u00fcm bu kararlar hukuki niteli\u011fi itibar\u0131yla, d\u00fcn\u00fc anlamam\u0131z, bug\u00fcn\u00fc kavramam\u0131z ve yar\u0131na bakmam\u0131zda biz hukuk\u00e7ular i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli siyasi ve hukuki belge niteli\u011findedir\u2026<\/div>\n
Bu kararlar\u0131 s\u0131rf yasal \u00e7er\u00e7evede de\u011ferlendirmeye, yorumlamaya, \u201csaf hukuk\u201d i\u00e7inde anlamaya kalkarsak i\u00e7inden \u00e7\u0131k\u0131lmaz bir k\u0131s\u0131r d\u00f6ng\u00fcn\u00fcn i\u00e7ine d\u00fc\u015feriz. Bu nedenle kimin hukuktan ne anlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, nas\u0131l bir zihniyetle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya bulundu\u011fumuzun \u00fczerinde durman\u0131n daha yararl\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum. Yaln\u0131z ba\u015f\u0131na hukuk diplomas\u0131na sahip olmak, hukuk okumak, adalet da\u011f\u0131t\u0131c\u0131s\u0131, hukuk\u00e7u olmak i\u00e7in yeterli de\u011fildir. Nietzsche\u2019nin s\u00f6yledi\u011fi gibi \u201cYapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z i\u015fin felsefesini yapmazsan\u0131z yaln\u0131zca teknisyen olarak kal\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z.\u201d Ger\u00e7ekten bu i\u015fin siyasetini, felsefesini bilmeden s\u0131rf \u201csaf hukuk\u201d \u00fczerinden bir \u015feyleri a\u00e7\u0131klamaya kalkmak ahmakl\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/div>\n
Bilindi\u011fi \u00fczere, teoride devletin b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle yetkileri, g\u00fcc\u00fc, kudreti tek bir siyasi iktidar\u0131n elinde bulunuyorsa buna kuvvetler birli\u011fi bu g\u00fcc\u00fcn, kudretin ayr\u0131 ve m\u00fcstakil organlar eliyle kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na ise kuvvetler ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 prensibi denilmektedir.<\/div>\n
Kuvvetler ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 prensibinin bug\u00fcnk\u00fc anlam\u0131yla fikir babas\u0131n\u0131n Montesquieu oldu\u011funu biliyoruz. Montesquieu\u2019ye g\u00f6re, her kuvvet s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmaya muhta\u00e7t\u0131r. Tarihsel tecr\u00fcbeler g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir ki her kuvvet, kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda kendine \u201ce\u015f\u201d ba\u015fka bir kuvvetle dengelenmedik\u00e7e \u201cars\u0131zla\u015f\u0131r\u201d, bask\u0131c\u0131, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 olur. Bu nedenle d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr, iktidar\u0131n (politik g\u00fcc\u00fcn) yasama, y\u00fcr\u00fctme ve yarg\u0131 olarak \u00fc\u00e7e ayr\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ve kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 birbirlerini dengelemesini \u00f6nermi\u015ftir. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr b\u00f6ylece \u201cars\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u201d \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ilece\u011fini ummu\u015ftur.<\/div>\n
\n

O halde Montesquieu, nas\u0131l olur da bir yandan kuvvetler ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 fikrini ortaya atm\u0131\u015f ve savunmu\u015f, di\u011fer yandan yarg\u0131n\u0131n bir kuvvet de\u011fil, \u201cyok h\u00fckm\u00fcnde\u201d oldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcrebilmi\u015ftir?Montesquieu\u2019ye g\u00f6re yarg\u0131 kurumsal olarak, iktidar\u0131 frenleyen, denetleyen bir unsur, politik g\u00fc\u00e7, bir kuvvettir. Ancak hukuk prati\u011finde, daha do\u011frusu yasalar\u0131n uygulay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olarak, yasalar\u0131 yorumlamayan bir \u201cteknisyen\u201d olarak, g\u00fc\u00e7ten, kuvvetten d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f bir pehlivand\u0131r. Bu nedenledir ki, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr, yarg\u0131 kuvvetini ger\u00e7ek bir kuvvet olarak de\u011fil, \u201cyok h\u00fckm\u00fcnde\u201d g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Yarg\u0131 yasalar\u0131 yorumlayamaz ancak bir teknisyen gibi uygular.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Montesquieu\u2019ye ve klasik yorum teorisine g\u00f6re, yarg\u0131\u00e7, karar\u0131yla yeni bir \u015fey ortaya koymaz. Yasalar ne kadar mu\u011fl\u00e2k, ne kadar anla\u015f\u0131lmaz olursa olsun yasalar\u0131n ruhu, \u201cgizli de olsa, karanl\u0131kta kalm\u0131\u015f da olsa, her hukuki durum i\u00e7in, her hukuki sorun i\u00e7in uygulanabilecek bir hukuk kural\u0131 zaten ortada vard\u0131r. E\u011fer hukuk kural\u0131 b\u00f6yle karanl\u0131kta ise, yarg\u0131\u00e7 yorum yaparak bu kural\u0131 g\u00fcn \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131karmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak onun bu yorumu gene de yasan\u0131n buyru\u011fu olaca\u011f\u0131ndan, yarg\u0131c\u0131n \u201cyorumu-i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011fi\u201d onu bulup \u00e7\u0131karmaktan ibarettir. Yarg\u0131c\u0131n g\u00f6revi, apa\u00e7\u0131k ortada bulunan veya yorum ile g\u00fcn \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan hukuk kural\u0131n\u0131 uygulamaktan ibarettir. Hukuk kural\u0131n\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131nda yarg\u0131\u00e7 yarat\u0131c\u0131 de\u011fildir. \u0130\u015fte yarg\u0131n\u0131n \u201cg\u00fcc\u00fc-kuvveti\u201d ancak bu kadard\u0131r. Yasalar\u0131 uygulamaktan ibarettir. \u0130\u015fte bu nedenledir ki Montesquieu\u2019ye g\u00f6re, yarg\u0131 kuvveti ger\u00e7ek bir kuvvet de\u011fildir, adeta \u201cyok h\u00fckm\u00fcnde\u201ddir.<\/div>\n
Klasik yorum teorisyenlerin bu ak\u0131l almaz, pasif, i\u00e7i bo\u015falt\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u201cyok h\u00fckm\u00fcndeki yarg\u0131s\u0131na, yarg\u0131 kuvvetine\u201d kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k realist yorum teorisyenleri \u015fu kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 vermi\u015flerdir: Yarg\u0131\u00e7, t\u0131pk\u0131 bir kanun koyucu gibi ger\u00e7ek bir yarat\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r. Yarg\u0131c\u0131n faaliyetti \u201cyap-boz\u201ddan ibaret de\u011fildir. O yasalar\u0131 yorumlarken adeta yasalara her somut olgu kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda yeniden can verir, ruh verir, \u015fekil verir. Yasalar ne buyurursa buyursun yarg\u0131c\u0131n karar\u0131 \u201c\u00f6zg\u00fcn bir eserdir\u201d. Bu nedenle yarg\u0131\u00e7 her somut olgu kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda yasalar\u0131n anlam\u0131n\u0131 belirlemelidir. “Yarg\u0131\u00e7 b\u00f6ylece kanun koyucu haline gelir.Ger\u00e7ek kanun koyucu, metnin yazar\u0131 de\u011fil, yorumcusudur. Realist yorum teorisi bug\u00fcn i\u00e7in modern hukukunun ak\u0131lc\u0131, ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i yorumun temellini olu\u015fturur.”(Anayasa Hukuku-G\u00f6zler Kemal) Bir kitab\u0131 sinemaya uyarlayan y\u00f6netmen yeni bir eser meydana getirmi\u015ftir.<\/div>\n
Hukuk ve adaleti toplumda ya\u015fanan g\u00fc\u00e7 ve iktidar ili\u015fkilerinden soyutlamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Nitekim Montesquieu da, yarg\u0131 erkini b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak \u201cpolitik g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u201d bir unsuru, bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak ele alm\u0131\u015f ve bu \u201cpolitik g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u201d farkl\u0131 organlar eliyle kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n iktidar\u0131n \u201cars\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u201d \u00f6nleyece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Hangi a\u00e7\u0131dan ele al\u0131n\u0131rsa al\u0131ns\u0131n son tahlilde yarg\u0131 iktidar\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131, politik g\u00fcc\u00fcn bir unsuru, \u00f6nemli bir arg\u00fcman\u0131d\u0131r. Hukukun i\u00e7eri\u011finden, iktidarla, egemenle olan ili\u015fkisinden, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcn\u00fcn buyru\u011fundan s\u00f6z etmeden, t\u00fcm bunlara de\u011finmeden, \u201csaf hukuk\u201d \u00fczerinden gevezelik yapmak ve i\u015fte hukuk bu diyerek ve bunu da Montesquieu\u2019nun teknisyenlerinin \u00f6n\u00fcne koyarak hadi uygula demek i\u015fin klasik felsefesi olsa gerek…<\/div>\n
Demek oluyor ki, ayn\u0131 toplum i\u00e7inde ya\u015fayan her birey, haktan, hukuktan, adaletten, g\u00fcvenlikten, hakkaniyetten ayn\u0131 \u015feyi anlamayacakt\u0131r. \u201cObjektif yorum\u201d iddialar\u0131 \u00f6z\u00fc itibar\u0131yla t\u00fcm\u00fcyle i\u015fin cambazl\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. O halde hukukta yorum derken \u015funun alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izelim, kim neyi, neye yontar ve ni\u00e7in yontar? Ya da \u015f\u00f6yle soral\u0131m \u201cortak ak\u0131l\u201d dedi\u011fimiz \u015fey, toplumsal \u00e7eli\u015fkilere \u00e7are, uzla\u015fmaya vesile olabilir mi? Temel \u00e7eli\u015fkiyi ge\u00e7ici bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7in ertelemek veya \u00f6rtbas etmek i\u00e7in \u201cortak ak\u0131l\u201d \u201cak\u0131lc\u0131\u201d bir \u00f6nerme olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir, en az\u0131nda hi\u00e7 yoktan iyi bir \u201cd\u00fczen\u201d olarak kabul edilebilir mi?<\/div>\n
Ancak ne dersek diyelim gene de hukuk, yarg\u0131 cephesinde kaba hatlar\u0131yla iki farkl\u0131 hukuk yorumunun k\u0131yas\u0131ya kap\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir arena kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kar. Bunlar \u201cg\u00fcvenlik-istikrar\u201d temelli devlet-egemen g\u00fc\u00e7 yorumu, di\u011feri ise, adalet, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck \u00f6zlemine dayal\u0131 bireysel \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler yorumudur. \u0130lki d\u00fczeni, ikincisi bireyi koruyan bir d\u00fcnya g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc esas al\u0131r. Hukuk dedi\u011fimiz \u015fey de buna g\u00f6re \u015fekillenir. Ancak unutmamak laz\u0131m ki, hukuk her zaman iktidar\u0131n kam\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. \u0130ktidar\u0131n, hukukun bu \u201cars\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u201d ancak i\u015fin siyasi, felsefi yan\u0131n\u0131 kavrayabilenler bir nebze olsun t\u00f6rp\u00fcleyebilir. Maalesef bug\u00fcn i\u00e7in bunun \u00e7ok uza\u011f\u0131nday\u0131z. \u201cSaf hukuk\u201d i\u00e7inde debelenenler dahil, bug\u00fcn T\u00fcrk Yarg\u0131s\u0131 12 Eyl\u00fcl\u00fcn yasalar\u0131n\u0131 dahi uygulayamamaktad\u0131r. Bunu g\u00f6rebilmek i\u00e7in sadece Yarg\u0131tay\u2019a bakmam\u0131z yeterlidir.<\/div>\n
\u00d6zetle, evrensel hukuku b\u0131rak\u0131n anlamay\u0131, yorumlamay\u0131 mevcut yasalar\u0131 dahi uygulamay\u0131 beceremeyen, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc siyasi m\u00fclahazalardan ar\u0131nm\u0131\u015f iddias\u0131ndaki bir yarg\u0131n\u0131n varolu\u015fu kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda bu yap\u0131n\u0131n neler yapabilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek, ger\u00e7ekten korkutucudur. Yarg\u0131y\u0131, i\u00e7ine d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bu k\u00f6r kuyudan \u00e7\u0131karacak siyasi, felsefi birikimiyle zaman\u0131 okuyabilen ciddi hukuk\u00e7ulara ihtiya\u00e7 vard\u0131r. Bug\u00fcn T\u00fcrk yarg\u0131s\u0131 maalesef t\u00fcm bunlardan yoksundur.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Av.Ali Musa SARI\u00c7\u0130MEN<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

29.02.2012,\u00a0Av. Ali Musa SARI\u00c7\u0130MEN Montesquieu\u2019ye g\u00f6re, yarg\u0131 kuvveti ger\u00e7ek bir kuvvet de\u011fildir, adeta yok h\u00fckm\u00fcndedir. Bu ne demektir, birazdan buna de\u011finece\u011fiz. Ancak \u00f6ncelikle somut veriler \u00fczerinden gidelim\u2026 \u00d6rne\u011fin, Yarg\u0131tay\u2019\u0131n Hrant Dink ile ilgili \u201cT\u00fcrkl\u00fc\u011fe Hakaret\u201d karar\u0131, keza \u201cB\u00fct\u00fcn T\u00fcrklerin m\u00fcdahil olabilece\u011fi\u201d karar\u0131, YARGI-SEN\u2019in kapat\u0131lmas\u0131 karar\u0131, i\u00e7 hukukta yasal d\u00fczenleme olmaks\u0131z\u0131n uluslararas\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fme h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin uygulanamayaca\u011f\u0131na dair […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":173,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-289","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-avmusa"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/alimusasaricimen.av.tr\/anasayfa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/289","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/alimusasaricimen.av.tr\/anasayfa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/alimusasaricimen.av.tr\/anasayfa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alimusasaricimen.av.tr\/anasayfa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alimusasaricimen.av.tr\/anasayfa\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=289"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/alimusasaricimen.av.tr\/anasayfa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/289\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":365,"href":"https:\/\/alimusasaricimen.av.tr\/anasayfa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/289\/revisions\/365"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alimusasaricimen.av.tr\/anasayfa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/173"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/alimusasaricimen.av.tr\/anasayfa\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=289"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alimusasaricimen.av.tr\/anasayfa\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=289"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alimusasaricimen.av.tr\/anasayfa\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=289"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}